Thursday 4 October 2012

Some more nice Words and their meanings - Vocabulary 2


Ferocity - cruelty, savagery
                 ( The ferocity of something is its fierce or violent nature)
(Example. The armed forces seem to have been taken by surprise by the ferocity of the attack.)

Humane - gentle, kind
                 ( Humane people act in a kind, sympathetic way towards other people and animals and try to do them as little harm as possible)

Jeopardy - danger, hazard, menace, peril, risk, threat
                  ( If someone or something is in jeopardy, they are in a dangerous situation where they might fail, be lost, or be destroyed)
(Example. A series of setbacks have put the whole project in jeopardy)

Nebulous - cloudy, misty, confused
                   ( If you describe something as nebulous, you mean that is vague and not clearly defined or not easy to describe)
( Example. Music is such a nebulous thing.)

Sarcastic - biting, caustic, cutting, sardonic
                  ( Someone who is sarcastic says or does the opposite of what they really mean in order to mock or insult someone.)
( Example. She poked fun at people's shortcomings with sarcastic remark)

Lavish -  excessive, extravagant, prodigal
               ( If you describe something as lavish, you mean that it is very elaborate and impressive and a lot of money has been spent on it.)
(Example. He staged the most lavish productions of Mozart.)


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Vocabulary Part 1

And get this awesome book to increase your vocabulary.

Friday 28 September 2012

Some nice Words and their meanings - Vocabulary

Abstain - refrain, desist, forbear,
               (If you abstain from something, usually something you want to do, you deliberately do not do it.)

Adept - skillful, expert, 
             ( Someone who is adept at something can do it skilfully )
(Example. He's usually very adept at keeping his private life out of media )

Adhere - stick, abide by, cling, 
               ( If you adhere to a rule or agreement you act in a way that it says you should)
(Example. All members of the association adhere to a strict code of practice.)

Blasphemy - profanity, cursing, obscenity, vulgarity, obscene
                    (You can describe something that shows disrespect for God or a religion as blasphemy)
(Example. He was found guilty of blasphemy and sentenced to three years in jail)

Exquisite - delicate, fine, graceful, polished, refined
                   ( Something that is exquisite is extremely beautiful or pleasant, especially in a delicate way.)
(Example. Ravi's photography is exquisite.)

Gregarious - affable, amiable, cordial, outgoing, sociable
                     ( Someone who is gregarious enjoys being with other people.)
(Example. She is such a gregarious and outgoing person.)

Fragile - weak, brittle, frail, delicate, friable
               ( If you describe a situation as fragile, you mean that it is weak or uncertain and likely to be able to resist strong pressure or attack.)
(Example. The fragile economies of several south African nations could be irreparably damaged.)

This much is fine for today. Will provide you with some more interesting words tomorrow. Check daily for some new words to add to your vocab.

Purchase this awesome book to increase your vocabulary.

Friday 21 September 2012

Specialized agencies of UNO and their Headquarters


First of all lets know about UNO :

Origin of UNO : The U.N.O came into existence in 1945.

Headquarters of UNO : New York

Flag of UNO : White U.N. emblem is superimposed on light blue background. The emblem consist of the global map projected from the North Pole and embraced in twin olive branches.

Languages : The official languages of the UNO are English, French, Chinese, Russian, Arabic and Spanish but the working languages are English and French.

Main Organs of UNO
1. General assembly
2. Security council
3. Economic and social Council 
4. Trusteeship Council
5. International Court of Justice
6. Secretariat

Specialized Agencies of the UNO with their Headquarters

Agencies                                                                  Headquarters

Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)             Rome

International labour Organisation (ILO)                  Geneva

World Health Organisation (WHO)                        Geneva

United Nations Educational Scientific and           
Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)                            Paris

International Bank for Reconstruction &
Development (IBRD) or World Bank                     Washington

International Monetary Fund (IMF)                        Washington

International Finance Corporation (IFC)                 Washington

International Civil Aviation Organisation(ICAO)     Montreal

International Telecommunication Union (ITD)        Geneva

World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)            Geneva

United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund (UNICEF)                                     New York

Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative
Organisation (IMCO)                                                London

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)           Vienna

Technical Assistance Administration (TAA)               
Economic and Social Commission for Asia 
and the Pacific (ESCAP)                                           Bangkok

United Nations High Commission for 
Refugees (UNHCR)                                                  Geneva


Please like and share this information if you found it useful...


Wednesday 12 September 2012

The Largest, longest, Biggest, Highest, Smallest etc in the world



Largest Bird - Ostrich
Biggest Bridge in the world - San Francisco, Oakland Bridge (8.5 miles)
Longest Bridge in the world (on river) - Mahatma Gandhi Setu (India)
Tallest building in the world - Burj Khalifa (829.84 m (2,723 ft))
Largest country in the world (By land mass) - Russia (6,592,846 sq miles)
Largest country in the world (By population) - China (1,347,350,000)
Smallest country (by land mass) - Vatican city
Smallest country (by population) - Vatican city
Biggest continent - Asia
Smallest continent - Australia
Longest Epic - Mahabharat
Biggest island in the world - Greenland
Biggest ocean - Pacific
World's biggest museum - British Museum, London
Highest Mountain - Mount Everest
Largest Peninsula - Arabia
Biggest Planet - Jupiter
Smallest Planet - Mercury
Brightest Planet - Venus
Highest Volcano - Cotopaxy (Andes, Equador)

other important general awareness topics are....
cabinet ministers of india with their departments
Chief ministers of all states
Nartional parks and wildlife sanctuaries in india
first in the world
famous inventions and discoveries
Books and their authors
cups and trophies


Monday 10 September 2012

Cabinet Ministers of India with their departments 2012 (updated)




                                
Prime Minister

President

Vice President



Department
Manmohan Singh

Pranab Mukherjee

Mohammed Hamid Ansari




Name of Minister


Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions,
Ministry of Planning,
Department of Atomic Energy and
Department of Space
Manmohan Singh

Minister of FinanceP. Chidambaram

Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Food Processing IndustriesSharad Pawar

Minister of DefenceA.K. Antony

Minister of Home AffairsSushil Kumar Shinde

Minister of External AffairsS.M. Krishna

Minister of Science and Technology
Minister of Earth Sciences
Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Vilasrao Deshmukh,( who died on August 14 2012.)
Vayalar Ravi

Minister of Health and Family WelfareGhulam Nabi Azad

Minister of PowerM. Veerappa Moily

Minister of Corporate AffairsM. Veerappa Moily

Minister of New and Renewable EnergyFarooq Abdullah

Minister of Petroleum and Natural GasS. Jaipal Reddy

Minister of Urban DevelopmentKamal Nath

Minister of Civil AviationAjit Singh

Minister of Overseas Indian AffairsVayalar Ravi

Minister of Information and BroadcastingMrs. Ambika Soni

Minister of Labour and EmploymentMallikarjun Kharge

Minister of Human Resource Development and Minister of Communications and Information TechnologyKapil Sibal

Minister of Commerce and Industry and Minister of TextilesAnand Sharma

Minister of Road Transport and HighwaysC.P. Joshi

Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation and Minister of CultureMs. Selja

Minister of TourismSubodh Kant Sahay

Minister of ShippingG.K. Vasan

Minister of Parliamentary Affairs and Minister of Water ResourcesPawan Kumar Bansal

Minister of Social Justice and EmpowermentMukul Wasnik

Minister of Chemicals and FertilizersM.K. Alagiri

Minister of Heavy Industries and Public EnterprisesPraful Patel

Minister of CoalShriprakash Jaiswal

Minister of Law and Justice and Minister of Minority AffairsSalman Khursheed

Minister of Tribal Affairs and Minister of Panchayati RajV. Kishore Chandra Deo

Minister of SteelBeni Prasad Verma

Minister of RailwaysMukul Roy

Minister of Rural DevelopmentJairam Ramesh


Other important General awareness topics are.....

Chief ministers of all states
Nartional parks and wildlife sanctuaries in india
first in the world
famous inventions and discoveries
Books and their authors
cups and trophies


Saturday 8 September 2012

Chief Ministers of different States of India ( updated 8/9/2012 )


Jammu & Kashmir - Omar Abdullah , J&K national conference
Himachal Pradesh - Prem Kumar Dhumal , BJP
Punjab - Parkash Singh Badal , Shiromni Akali Dal
Uttarakhand - Vijay Bahuguna , INC
Haryana - Bhupinder Singh Hooda , INC
Uttar Pradesh - Akhilesh Yadav , SP
Rajasthan - Ashok Gehlot , Congress
Bihar - Nitish Kumar , Janta Dal (United)
Sikkim - Pawan Kumar Chamling , Sikkim democratic Front
West Bengal - Mamata Banerjee , Al Trinamool Congress
Assam - Tarun Kumar Gogoi , INC
Arunachal Pradesh - Nabam Tuki , INC
Nagaland - Neiphiu Rio , Nagaland People's Front
Manipur - Okram Ibobi Singh , INC
Meghalaya - Mukul sangma , INC
Tripura - Manik Sarkar , Communist party of India 
Mizoram - Lal Thanhawla , INC
Jharkhand - Arjun Munda , BJP
Madhya Pradesh - Shivraj Singh Chauhan , BJP
Gujarat - Narendra Modi , BJP
Chhattisgarh - Raman Singh , BJP
Orissa - Naveen Patnaik , Biju Janata Dal
Maharashtra - Prithviraj Chavan , INC
Andhra Pradesh - Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy , INC
Karnataka Jagadish Shettar  , BJP
TamilNadu - J. Jayalalithaa , AIDMK
Kerala - Oommen Chandy , INC
Puducherry - N Rangaswamy

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Thursday 6 September 2012

Books and their authors - Part 2

Before learning these you must also learn  Books and their Authors Part 1
Now here we go.......

Books                        Authors

Mrityunjaya - Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya
Origin of Species , Descent of Man - Charles Darwin
Panchtantra - Vishnu Sharma
Paradise  Lost - John Milton
Raghuvansh - Kalidas
Rajtarangini - Kalhana
Ramayana - Valmiki
Ram Charit Manas , Vinay Patrika - Tulsi Das
Shakuntala - Kalidas
Shah Nama - Firdausi
Saket , Yashodhara , Bharat Bharati - Maithili Sharan Gupta
The God of Small Things - Arundhati Roy
The greater Common Good - Arundhati Roy
The Train to Pakistan - Khushwant Singh
Wake up india - Annie Besant
Wings of Fire , Ignited Minds - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
Living History - Hillary Clinton
Two Lives - Vikram Seth
Straight from the Heart - Kapil Deo
Harry Potter - JK Rowling
Of Thee i sing - Barack Obama

You may also like....
National parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in India
Interesting fullforms of various brands
First in the world
Famous inventions and discoveries
sports cups and trophies

Tuesday 4 September 2012

Difference between String, StringBuffer and StringBuilder class in Java.


The main difference between String and StringBuffer class is that the objects of String class are immutable ( that cannot be changed ) while the objects of StringBuffer and StringBuilder class are mutable (that can be changed )
Now here is a question that if String objects are immutable how we are able to change the value of object when we want? Actually when we change the value of a String object, internally a new object is created and our reference variable starts pointing that new object and the previous object still remains in memory as garbage. Thus this create performance issue, and we use StringBuffer and StringBuilder class to create mutable objects.

For Example :

//consider a string object
String A = "Hello" ;
//If we want to append "friend" to this string, we do
A = A + "Friend" ;

When we print the content of A we get "Hello Friend" as the output. But it is the new object of string class that is created. And if we append any further in this string it will create that many objects of String class internally.

However when using StringBuffer/StringBuilder class we can make changes to the value stored as its objects are mutable. Hence append operation would be more efficient if use StringBuffer in place of String class.

To append using StringBuilder class we use append( ) operation as:

StringBuilder A = "Hello" ;
A.append("Friend") ;

And the changes will be made in the Object A

Now, Difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder

StringBuffer and StringBuilder have the same methods with one difference and that’s of synchronization. StringBuffer is synchronized( which means it is thread safe and hence you can use it when you implement threads for your methods) whereas StringBuilder is not synchronized( which implies it isn’t thread safe).
So, if you aren’t going to use threading then use the StringBuilder class as it’ll be more efficient than StringBuffer due to the absence of synchronization.


*Also all these three classes are final and hence cannot be extended.

To know more about final keyword click here


Saturday 1 September 2012

First in The World


President of USA - George Washington
Chinese Traveller to India - Fahein
Foreign Invader to India - Alexander the Great
Person to reach South Pole - Amundsen
Person to reach North Pole - Robert Pearey
Person in Space - Yuri Gagarin
Person on Moon - Neil Armstrong
Lady to climb Mount Everest - Junko Taibei
European to visit China - Marco Polo
Place where first atom bomb was dropped - Hiroshima
Man to walk in Space - Alexei Leonov
Woman Cosmonaut in Space - Valentina Tereshkova
Woman President of a country - Mrs Srimavo Bhandarnaike
Woman President of a country - Maria Estela Peron
The first space astronaut to go into space seven times till date - Jerry Ross ( U.S.A )
China's First Man in space - Yang Liwei


Tuesday 28 August 2012

Important Books and their Authors for general awareness exams - Part 1


Ain-e-Akbari - Abul Fazal
Alice in Wonderland - Lewis Carrol
Arthashastra - Kautilya
Abhijnan Shakuntalam - Kalidas
Agni Veena - Kazi Nazurul Islam
Agni Pariksha - Acharya Tulsi
A passage to India - E.M. Forster
Bharat Bharati - Maithili Saran Gupta
Charitraheen - Sarat Chandra Chatterjee
Discovery of India - Jawahar Lal Nehru
Death of a city - Amrita Pritam
Das Capital - Karl Marx
Descent of Man - Charles Darwin
Devi-The Bandit Queen - Richard Shears and Isoble Gidli
Death, The Supreme Friend - Kaka Saheb Kalelkar
Experiments with Untruth - Michael Anderson
Eternal India - Mrs Indira Gandhi
Glimpses of World History - Jawahar Lal Nehru
Glimpses of India - Humayun Kabir
Gitanjali - Rabindra Nath Tagore
Harsha Charit - Bana Bhatta
Hindu View of Life - Dr. S Radhakrishnan
India Wins Freedom - Abul Kalam Azad
Indian Philosophy - Dr. S Radhakrishnan
I Follow the Mahatma - K. M. Munshi
Jobs for Millions - V.V Giri
Kamayani, Prem Pathic, Ajatshatru - Jai Shanker Prasad
Mahabarat - Veda Vyas
Mein Kempf - Hitler
My Childhood Days - Taslima Nasreen
My days - R. K. Narayan
My Experiments with Truth - Mahatma Gandhi
My Music My life - Pt. Ravi Shankar
My Presidential Years - R. Venkataraman

Now follow: Important Books and their Authors for general awareness exams - Part 2

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Which cups and trophies are for what sport (India And World)




Saturday 25 August 2012

Which cups and trophies are for what sport (India And World)


These are really important to learn if you are going to face any general awareness or general knowledge exam. The cups and trophies are mostly asked in exams like SSC, Intelligence Bureau, AFCAT and other private and government sector exams. So I am providing you with some really important cups and trophies and the sport to which they belong.


Agha Khan Cup - Hockey
Lady Ratan Tata Trophy - Hockey ( Women , India )
Rangaswami Cup - National Hockey Championship India
Rene Frank Cup - Hockey ( India )

Durand Cup - Football ( India )
I.F.A Shield - Football
Jules Rimet Trophy - Football ( World )
Rovers Cup - Football
Santosh Trophy - National Football ( India )

Duleep Trophy - Cricket ( India )
Ranji Trophy - Cricket ( India )
Rohinton Baria Trophy - Cricket ( Inter-university )

Barna Bellack Cup - Table Tennis ( Men )
Swaythling Cup - World Table tennis ( Men )

Davis Cup - Lawn Tennis ( International )
Wightman Cup - Lawn Tennis ( England )
Wimbledon Trophy - Lawn Tennis ( England )

Thomas Cup - World Badminton ( Men )

Ezra Cup - Polo

Walker Cup - Golf

Hope you liked this information. 
Please like this page if you found it helpful and do share it.

The other important general awareness topics are :

National parks and wildlife Sanctuaries - Which is in which state?
Famous inventions and discoveries.



Monday 20 August 2012

Famous Inventions and Discoveries



Invention/Discovery - Discoverer/Inventor

America  - Christopher Columbus
Solar System - Copernicus
North Pole (Explored) - Robert Peary
South Pole (Explored) - Amundsen

Dynamite - Alfred Nobel
Electron - J.J. Thomson
Incandescent Bulb - Edison
Law of Gravitation - Newton
Printing for the Blind - Louis Braille
Radium - Madame Curie
Theory of Relativity - Albert Einstein
Telegraph - Samuel Morse
Theory of Evolution - Charles Darwin
Telephone - Graham Bell
Radio - Marconi
X-Ray - W. K. Roentgen

Aeroplane - Wright brothers (William & Oliver Wright)
Bicycle - Macmillan
Dynamo - Michael Faraday
Diesel - Rudolf Diesel
Fountain Pen - Waterman
Gramophone - Edison
Helicopter - Etienne Ochmichen
Microscope - Z. Jansen
Motorcycle - G. Daimler
Printing Press - Gutenberg
Pneumatic Tyres - Dunlop
Revolver - Colt
Submarine - David Bushnell
Thermometer - Fahrenheit
Transistor - W. Shockley
Typewriter - Sholes
Television - J.L. Baird
Telescope - Hans Lippershey 

These are some really important inventions always asked in various exams.

Related topics



                                                        

National parks and Wildlife sanctuaries of India. Which national park is in which state ?


National Parks :

Corbett National Park             --              Nanital, Uttarakhand

Kaziranga National Park          --             Jorhat, Assam

Gir National park                    --             Rajkot, Junagadh, Gujarat

Ranthambose National Park    --             Rajasthan

Kanha National Park               --              Madhya Pradesh

Dudhwa national Park             --              Uttar pradesh

Guindy National Park             --              Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Nagarhole National Park         --              Karnataka

Bandipur National Park          --              Karnataka

Periyar National Park             --              Kerala 



National Wildlife Sanctuaries :

Dachigam Wildlife Sanctuary             --                Jammu & Kashmir

Sariska                                                --                 Rajasthan

Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary           --                 Jharkhand

Tiger Project                                        --                 Rajasthan

Mudhumalai Wildlife sanctuary          --                 Tamil Nadu

Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary                 --                 Kerala

National Chambal (Gharial)             --       Etawah,  Uttar Pradesh 

Wildlife Sanctuary



These are mostly asked in any general awareness exam like PCS, SSC, AFCAT etc. So learn these as soon as possible if you are preparing for these exams.

Some other important things to learn will be provided in my other articles.

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Interesting full forms

Famous inventions and discoveries


Sunday 19 August 2012

What is a abstract class in java ?



There are situations in which we want to define a superclass that declares a structure of a given abstraction without providing a complete implementation of every method, i.e sometimes we want to create a superclass that only defines a generalised form that will be shared by all of its subclasses leaving it to each subclass to fill in the details. Any class that contains one or more abstract methods must also be declared abstract. To declare a class abstract we simply use the abstract keyword infront of the class keyword in the beginning of class declaration.
There can be no objects of an abstract class, i.e an abstract class cannot be directly instantiated with the new operator. Also you cannot declare abstract constructors or abstract stating methods. Any subclass of an abstract class must either implement all of the abstract methods in the superclass or be itself declared abstract.

For example :

abstract class A
{
        abstract void callme( );                  //abstract method that will 
                                                             //be defined in sub class
        void callmetoo( )
         {
              System.out.println(" This is a concrete method ") ;
          }
}

class B extends A
{
          void callme( )            //defination of abstract method
                                            // of super class
           {    
                 System.out.println("Implentation of callme in B");
            }
}

class C extends A
{
          void callme( )
          {
                 System.out.println("Implentation of callme in C");
           }
}
class AbstractDemo

            public static void main( String args [ ] )
            {
                   B b = new B( );
                   C c = new C( );
                   b.callme( );
                   b.callmetoo( );
                   c.callme( );
                   c.callmetoo( );
              }
 }



hence output of the above program will be:

Implentation of callme in B
This is a concrete method
Implentation of callme in C
This is a concrete method

Friday 17 August 2012

Multithreading - Creation of a thread by Runnable interface


The easiest way to create a thread is to create a class that implements the runnable interface. You can construct a thread on any object that implements runnable. To implement runnable , a class need only implement a single method called run( ).
Run( ) establishes the entry point for another concurrent thread of execution within your program. This thread will end when run( ) ends.


For example:

class NewThread implements Runnable
{
       Thread t;
       NewThread( )
       {
               t = new Thread (this,"DemoThread");
               System.out.println("child thread :" +t);
               t.start( );
        }
        public void run( )
       {
              try
              {      
                     for(int i=5; i < 0; i--)
                     {
                           System.out.println("child thread" +i );
                           Thread.sleep(500);
                      }
                }
                catch( InterruptedException e )
                {
                       system.out.println(" child interrupted" );
                 }
                 System.out.println(" child thread exiting")
          }
    }

class ThreadDemo
{
         public static void main( String args[ ] )
         {
               new NewThread( );
               try
               {
                      for(int i=5; i > 0; i--)
                      {
                              System.out.println (" main thread" +i );
                               Thread.sleep(1000);
                      }
                }
                catch ( InterruptedException e )
                {
                       System.out.println (" Main thread interrupted ");
                 }
                 System.out.println( " main thread exiting ") ;
           }
}



Multithreading - Creating thread by extending a thread class


Before starting this, you must know what is mulithreading.


A thread is to create a new class that extends thread and then to create an instance of that class. The extending class must override the run method which is the entry point for new thread. It must also call start( ) to begin execution of the new thread.

Creating a thread :

class NewThread extends Thread
{
      NewThread( )
      {
              super("Demo Thread");   //will call the 
                                                      //constructor of super class thread     
              System.out.println(" child thread: " +this);
              Start( );
      }
      public void run( )
      {
              try
              {
                     for(int i=5; i > 0; i--)
                     {
                           System.out.println(" child thread "+i );
                           Thread.sleep(500);
                     }
              }
              catch(InterruptedException e)
              {
                           System.out.println("child interrupted");
               }
              
               System.out.println("exiting child thread");
       }
}

class ExtendThread
{            
            public static void main( String args[ ])
            {
                    new NewThread( );
                    try
                    {
                            for(int i=5; i >0; i--)
                            {
                                 System.out.println("main thread" +i );
                                 Thread.sleep(1000);
                            }
                   }
                   catch( InterruptedException e)
                   {
                           System.out.println(" main interrupted");
                    }
                    System.out.println(" main thread exiting");

             }
}



output:
child thread: Thread[ DemoThread, 5, main]
main thread: 5
child thread: 5
child thread: 4
main thread: 4
child thread: 3
child thread: 2
main thread: 3
child thread: 1
exiting child thread
main thread: 2
main thread: 1
main thread exiting



Related topics:
what is multithreading
creating thread by runnable interface